Bibliography

Albania Table of Contents
Chapter 1

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Biberaj, Elez. Albania: A Sicuakust Maverick. Boulder,
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Durham, M.E. High Albania. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.

Fischer-Galati, Stephen. Eastern Europe in the 1980s.
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Frasheri, Kristo. The History of Albania. Tiranė: Naim
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Freedman, Robert Owen. Economic Warfare in the Communist
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     Yugoslavia, Albania, and Communist China. New York:
     Praeger, 1970.

Gjecov, Shtjefen. The Code of Leke Dukagjini. New York:
     Gjonlekaj, 1989.

Glenny, Misha. The Rebirth of History. London: Penguin
     Books, 1990.

Griffith, William E. Albania and the Sino-Soviet Rift.
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Hamm, Harry. Albania: China's Beachhead in Europe. New
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Hasluck, M. The Unwritten Law of Albania. Cambridge:
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Jelavich, Barbara. History of the Balkans. (2 vols.)
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Konitza, Faik. "Albania: The Rock Garden of Southeastern Europe."
Pages 8-28 in G.M. Panarity (ed.), Albania: The Rock Garden
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Lampe, John R., and Marvin R. Jackson. Balkan Economic
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Lendvai, Paul. Eagles in Cobwebs: Nationalism and Communism
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Logoreci, Anton. The Albanians: Europe's Forgotten
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Marmullaku, Ramadan. Albania and the Albanians. Hamden,
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Ostrogorski, Georgije. Istorija Vizantije. Belgrade:
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Page, Bruce, David Leitch, and Phillip Knightley. The Philby
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Pano, Nicholas C. The People's Republic of Albania.
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Pipa, Arshi. "The Political Culture of Hoxha's Albania." Pages
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Prifti, Peter R. Socialist Albania since 1944: Domestic and
     Foreign Developments. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978.

Rothschild, Joseph. East Central Europe Between the Two World
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Skendi, Stavro, et al. (eds.). Albania. New York:
     Praeger, 1956.

------. The Albanian National Awakening. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1967.

Stickney, Edith Pierpont. Southern Albania or Northern Epirus
     in European International Affairs, 1912-1923. Stanford,
     California: Stanford University Press, 1926.

Swire, Joseph. Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom. London:
     Williams and Norgate, 1929.

Wolff, Robert Lee. The Balkans in Our Time. Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1956.

Chapter 2

"Albania: Introductory Survey." Pages 292-303 in The Europa
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Andrejevich, Milan. "Kosovo: A Precarious Balance Between
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     October 18, 1991, 23-29.

------. "Serbia Cracks Down on Kosovo," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 1, No.
     30, July 27, 1990, 48-51.

Battiata, Mary. "Albania's Post-Communist Anarchy,"
     Washington Post, March 21, 1992, A1, A18.

Begeja, Ksanthipi. The Family in the People's Socialist
     Republic of Albania. Tiranė: 8 Nėntori, 1984.

Bėrxholi, Arqile, and Perikli Qiriazi. Albania: A
     Geographical View. Tiranė: 8 Nėntori, 1986.

Biberaj, Elez. Albania: A Socialist Maverick. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.

Binder, David. "Albanian Exile Writer Sees Reform," New York
     Times, December 6, 1990.

------. "Albanians Expose High Living by Ex-Rulers," New York
     Times, August 25, 1991, 12.

------. "In the New Albania, a Whole New Brand of Chaos," New
     York Times, October 8, 1991, A7.

Broun, Janice A. Conscience and Captivity: Religion in
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Broun, Janice A. "The Status of Christianity in Albania,"
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     60.

Cikuli, Zisa. Health Service in the PSR of Albania.
     Tiranė: 8 Nėntori, 1984.

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------. The Encyclopedia of Military History. (Eds., R.
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Fowler, Brenda. "Albania's Economic Fall Devastates Hospitals,"
     New York Times, March 8, 1992, 11.

Gjinushi, Skender. "The Educational Reform in Albania Is
     Connected with the New Requirements of the Time,"
     Albania Today [Tiranė], 5, No. 114, 1990, 43-45.

------. "We Are Advancing Towards Compulsory Secondary Education
     for All," New Albania [Tiranė], No. 1, 1990, 2-3.

Ikonomi, Ilir. "Religion Survives 24 Years Within Hearts of
     Albanians," Washington Times, December 26, 1991,
     A10.

Kamm, Henry. "Albania's Clerics Lead a Rebirth," New York
     Times, March 27, 1992, A3.

Kolsti, John. "Albanianism: From the Humanists to Hoxha." Pages
     15-48 in George Klein and Milan J. Reban (eds.), The
     Politics of Ethnicity in Eastern Europe. New York:
     Columbia University Press for East European Monographs,
     Boulder, Colorado, 1981.

------. "From Courtyard to Cabinet: The Political Emergence of
     Albanian Women." Pages 138-51 in Sharon L. Wolchik and
     Alfred G. Meyer (eds.), Women, State, and Party in
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Minnesota Lawyers International Human Rights Committee,
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Moore, Patrick. "Noisy Neighbors in the European House: Albanian-
     Greek Relations," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
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     January 26, 1990, 1-3.

Perry, Duncan M., and Louis Zanga. "Minorities: An Overview,"
     Radio Free Europe/Radio Libterty, Report on Eastern
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     1991.

Vejsiu, Ylli. "On the Demographic Development of National
     Minorities in Albania," New Albania [Tiranė], No.
     4, 1990, 4.

------. "The Vitality of a Population," New Albania
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Vichniac, Isabelle. "La grande misčre des enfants albanais,"
     Le Monde et [Paris], No. 193, November 1991, 3.

Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Tė Shqipėrisė, 1988
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     Drejtoria e Statistikės, 1988.

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------. "Albania Moves Closes to the Islamic World," RLE/RL
     Research Report [Munich], 2, No. 7, February 12, 1993,
     28-31.

------. "Albania Reduced to Total Dependence on Foreign Food
     Aid," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, RFE/RL Research
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------. "The Defection of Ismail Kadare," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 1, No.
     47, November 23, 1990, 1-5.

------. "The Woeful State of Schools," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 2, No.
     41, October 11, 1991, 1-3.

   (Various issues of the followings periodicals were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Albania Today
[Tiranė] and New Albania [Tiranė].)

Chapter 3

Albania. Chamber of Commerce. Guide to the Albanian Foreign
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------. Law on the Sanctioning and Protection of Private
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------. On Permission and Protection of Private Ownership and
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"Albania." Pages 69-96 in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth
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"Albania and Its Chrome," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
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"Albania Moving Along, But Slowly," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe, 2, No. 1,
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"Albanian Chrome Resources Luring Western Investment,"
     American Metal Market, 98, No. 39, February 26,
     1990, 4.

"Albania's New Five-Year Plan Directives," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, RAD Background Report
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"Albanie," Le Courrier des Pays de l'Est [Paris], Nos.
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"Alia Speaks Openly about Albania's Shortage of Food and Goods,"
     Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, RAD Background
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Aslund, Anders, and Örjan Sjöberg. "Privatization and Transition
     to a Market Economy in Albania," Communist Economies and
     Economic Transformation [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 4,
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Bėrxholi, Arqile, and Perikli Qiriazi. Albania: A
     Geographical View. Tiranė: 8 Nėntori, 1986.

Biberaj, Elez. Albania: A Socialist Maverick. Boulder,
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Bland, William. Albania. Oxford: Clio Press, 1988.

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Calmes, Albert. The Economic and Financial Situation in
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"L'economie Albanaise en 1986: Le recentrage," Le Courrier
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"L'economie Albanaise en 1988: Priorite a L'Agriculture," Le
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"Edge of the Abyss," Economist [London], December 14,
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The Europa World Year Book, 1991, London Europa, 1991.

Evans, John. "Secretive Albania Going Plastic," American
     Banker, 155, No. 204, October 19, 1990, 10.

Freedman, Robert Owen. Economic Warfare in the Communist
     Bloc: A Study of Soviet Economic Pressure Against
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     Praeger, 1970.

Geco, Pandi. Albania: A Physical and Economic Survey.
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     published as Shqipėria, pamje fiziko-ekonomike.
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Gianaris, Nicholas V. The Economies of the Balkan
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Griffith, William E. Albania and the Sino-Soviet Rift.
     Cambridge:  MIT Press, 1963.

Harrison, Joseph W. "Albania Begins the Long Road Back from
     Serfdom: Mineral Resources Might Pave the Road to the West,
     with Contributions from Tourism and Food Processing,"
     Business America, 113, No. 2, January 27, 1992, 12.

"Heavy Industry in Tiny Balkan State Causing Serious Pollution,
     Sources Say," International Environment Reporter,
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Hutchings, Raymond. "Albanian Industrialization: Widening
     Divergence from Stalinism." In Roland Schonfeld et al.
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International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade
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Jelavich, Barbara. History of the Balkans. (2 vols.)
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Kane, Ted. "Albania: Contentment," Third World Week,
     March 23, 1990, 26-27.

Kaser, Michael. "Albania under and after Enver Hoxha." Pages 1-21
     in United States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), East European Economies: Slow Growth in
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Lampe, John R., and Marvin R. Jackson. Balkan Economic
     History, 1550-1950. Bloomington: Indiana University
     Press, 1982.

Lange, Klaus. Die Agrarfrage in der Politik der Partei der
     Arbeit Albaniens. Munich: Trofenik, 1981.

Lhomel, Edith. "L'economie albanaise en 1990-1991: la veritable
     mesure d'un echec," Le Courrier des Pays de l'Est
     [Paris], No. 362, September 1991, 62-76.

"New Economic Ideas," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
     Report on Eastern Europe, 3, No. 2, January 11,
     1991, 8.

O'Donnell, Timothy S., et al. (eds.). World Economic
     Data. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 1991.

Pano, Nicholas C.. The People's Republic of Albania.
     Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1968.

Pashko, Gramoz. "The Albanian Economy at the Beginning of the
     1990s." Pages 128-46 in Örjan Sjöberg and Michael L. Wyzan
     (eds.). Economic Change in the Balkan States: Albania,
     Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. London: Pinter.

Prifti, Peter. Socialist Albania since 1944: Domestic and
     Foreign Developments. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978.

Rabchevsky, George A. "Geology and Chromite Industry of Albania,"
     Earth Science, 33, Autumn 1980, 172.

Reed, Carol. "Investors Help Albania Make Modest Steps Toward
     Free Enterprise," Washington Post, August 13, 1991,
     C3.

Russ, Wolfgang. Der Entwicklungsweg Albaniens. Ein Beitrag
     zum Konzept autozentrierter Entwicklung. Konigstein,
     West Germany: Verlag Anton Hain, 1979.

Sandstrom, Per, and Örjan Sjöberg. "Albanian Economic
     Performance: Stagnation in the 1980s," Soviet
     Studies [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 931-47.

Schnytzer, Adi. "Albania: The Purge of Stalinist Economic
     Ideology." Pages 44-61 in Ian Jeffries (ed.), Industrial
     Reform in Socialist Countries: From Restructuring to
     Revolution. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Elgar, 1992.

------. Stalinist Economic Strategy in Practice: The Case of
     Albania. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Sjöberg, Örjan. "A Contribution to the Geography of
     Hydro-Electric Power Generation in Albania,"
     Osterreichische Osthefte [Vienna], 29, No. 1, 1987,
     5-27.

------. Rural Change and Development in Albania.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Sjöberg, Örjan, and Per Sandstrom. The Albanian Statistical
     Abstract of 1988: Heralding a New Era? (Working Papers, No.
     2.) Uppsala, Sweden: Department of Soviet and East European
     Studies, Uppsala University, 1989.

Skendi, Stavro, et al. (eds.). Albania. New York:
     Praeger, 1956.

"Stagnation persistante de l'economie Albanaise en 1987," Le
     Courrier des Pays de l'Est [Paris], No. 330, July-
     August 1988, 67-71.

Steiger, Cyrill. "Albania's Unresolved National Question,"
     Swiss Review of World Affairs [Zurich], No. 5, May
     1992, 23-24.

------. "Albania: Up from Misery," Swiss Review of World
     Affairs [Zurich], No. 7, July 1993, 11-12.

United States. Department of State. Foreign Service Institute.
     A Reader's Guide to Albania. Washington: 1990.

Vjetari Statistikor i R.P.S. Tė Shqiperise, 1988.
     (Statistical Yearbook of the People's Socialist Republic of
     Albania, 1988.) Tiranė: Komisioni i Planit Tė Shtetit,
     Drejtoria e Statistikes, 1988.

Vjetari statistikor in Shqiperise, 1989. (Statistical
     Yearbook of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania,
     1989). Tiranė: Drejtoria e Statistikes, 1989.

Wildermuth, Andreas. Die Krise der albanischen
     Landwirtschaft. Losungsversuche der Partei- und
     Staatsfuhrung unter Ramiz Alia. Neuried bei München,
     West Germany: Hieronymus, 1989.

Wolff, Robert Lee. The Balkans in Our Time. Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1956.

   (Various issues of the following periodicals were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Business East Europe;
Business International; The Christian Science
Monitor; and Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Daily Report.)

Chapter 4

Artisien, Patrick F.R. "Albania after Hoxha," SAIS
     Review, 6, No. 1, Winter-Spring 1986, 159-68.

Biberaj, Elez. Albania: A Socialist Maverick. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.

------. "Albania at the Crossroads," Problems of
     Communism, 40, September-October 1991, 1-16.

------. Kosovo: The Balkan Powder Keg. London: Research
     Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1993.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Report on
     the United States Helsinski Commission Delegation Visit to
     Hungary, Yugoslavia and Albania. Washington: GPO, 1991.

Logoreci, Anton. The Albanians: Europe's Forgotten
     Survivors. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1977.

Marmullaku, Ramadan. Albania and the Albanians. Hamden,
     New York: Archon Books, 1975.

Myrdal, Jan, and Gun Kessle. Albania Defiant. New York:
     Monthly Review Press, 1976.

Prifti, Peter R. Socialist Albania since 1944.
     Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978.

Staar, Richard F. "People's Socialist Republic of Albania." Pages
     1-31 in Richard F. Staar (ed.), Communist Regimes in
     Eastern Europe. Stanford, California: Hoover
     Institution Press, 1988.

Stavrou, Nikolaos A. "Albania: The Domino That Refuses to Fall,"
     Mediterranean Quarterly, 1, No. 2, Spring 1990, 25-
     41.

United States. Department of State. Country Reports on Human
     Rights Practices for 1990. (Report submitted to United
     States Congress, 102d, 1st Session. House of
     Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate,
     Committee on Foreign Relations.) Washington: GPO, February
     1991.

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs.
     Albania: Background Notes. (Department of State
     Publication No. 8217.) Washington: GPO, 1986.

Zanga, Louis. "Albania: Democratic Revival and Social Upheaval,"
     RFE/RL Research Report [Munich], 2, No. 1, January
     1, 1993, 75-77.

------. "Advocates of Democracy in Albania," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe
     [Munich], 1, No. 25, June 22, 1990, 1-4.

------. "Albania and Turkey Forge Closes Ties," RFE/RL
     Research Report [Munich], 2, No. 11, March 12, 1993,
     30-33.

------. "The Albanian Democratic Party," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 2, No.
     9, March 1, 1991, 1-6.

------. "Albania-Greek Relations Reach a Low Point," RFE/RL
     Research Report [Munich], 1, No. 14, April 10, 1992,
     18-21.

------. "Albanian President Defends His First Year in Office,"
     RFE/RL Research Report [Munich], 2, No. 29, July
     16, 1993, 23-26.

------. "Albania's New Path," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
     Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 1, No. 24, June
     15, 1990, 1-5.

------. "Cabinet Changes in Albania," RFE/RL Research
     Report [Munich], 2, No. 19, May 7, 1993, 14-16.

------. "Central Committee Proposals for Reform," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe
     [Munich], 1, No. 9, March 2, 1990, 1-3.

------. "The Conflict Escalates," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 2, No.
     11, March 15, 1991, 1-4.

------. "A Crisis of Confidence," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe [Munich], 2, No.
     16, April 19, 1991, 1-4.

------. "Daunting Tasks for Albania's New Government," RFE/RL
     Research Report [Munich], 1, No. 21, May 22, 1992, 11-
     17.

------. "A Progress Report on Changes in Albania," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe
     [Munich], 1, No. 16, April 20, 1990, 1-3.

------. "Ramiz Alia under Great Pressure," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Report on Eastern Europe
     [Munich], 2, No. 8, February 22, 1991, 1-4.

Chapter 5

Austin, Robert. "What Albania Adds to the Balkan Stew"
     Orbis, 37, No. 2, Spring 1993, 259-79.

Biberaj, Elez. Albania: A Socialist Maverick. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.

The Encyclopedia of Military History (Eds., R. Ernest
     Dupny and Trevor Dupny.) New York: Harper and Row, 1970.

Foreign Broadcast Information Service--FBIS (Washington). The
     following items are from the FBIS series:

Daily Report: East Europe.

"Albanians Cross Yugoslav Border `Illegally'." (FBIS-EEU-90-131,
     July 9, 1990, 24.).

"Army under Surveillance." (FBIS-EEU-90-026, February 7, 1990, 8-
     9.).

"ATA Carries Profiles of New Ministers." (FBIS-EEU-90-133, July
     11, 1990, 3.).

"Defense Minister: Army Size `Must Be Cut'." (FBIS-EEU-92-082,
     April 28, 1992, 2.).

"Four Armed Albanian Surrender in Yugoslavia." (FBIS-EEU-90-017,
     January 25, 1990, 3.).

"Kico Mustaqi Speaks to Army Veterans." (FBIS-EEU-90-180,
     September 17, 1990, 4.).

"Massacre Allegedly Took Place in Tirana at the Beginning of
     July." (FBIS-EEU-90-173, September 6, 1990, 1.).

"Minister Mustaqi Speaks on Anniversary of Navy." (FBIS-EEU-90-
     160, August 17, 1990.).

"National Army Youth Aktiv Holds Its Proceedings." (FBIS-EEU-90-
173, September 6, 1990, 1-2.).

"A Principle Turned Upside Down--On a Proposal for the Draft
     Constitution in the Newspaper Rilindja Demokratike." (FBIS-
     EEU-91-019, January 29, 1991, 4-5.).

"Revolts in Albania." (FBIS-EEU-90-010, January 16, 1990, 11-
12.).

"Statement of the Council of Ministers of the PSRA on Albania's
     Participation in the CSCE." (FBIS-EEU-90-180, September 17,
     1990, 1.).

Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1990-91. (Ed., Mark
     Lambert.) Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's, 1990.

 Jane's Armour and Artillery, 1989-90. (Ed., Christopher
     F. Foss.) Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's, 1989.

Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990-91. (Ed., Richard Sharpe.)
     Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's, 1990.

Joint Publications Research Service--JPRS (Washington). The
     following items are from the JPRS series:

East Europe Report.

"Democracy and Public Order," Zeri i Rinise [Tiranė],
     August 3, 1991. (JPRS-EER-91-130, August 30, 1991, 1-5.).

"Eleven Years Lost in Albanian Prisons, Svenska
     Dagbladet [Stockholm], March 24, 1991. (JPRS-EER-91-
     060, May 6, 1991, 1-3.).

"For a Profound Restructuring of the Army," Rilindja
     Demokratike [Tiranė], July 20, 1991. (JPRS-EER-91-144,
     September 26, 1991, 3.).

"The Jails: The Hell and Shame of the Dictatorship,"
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Source: U.S. Library of Congress