Angola

Thomas Collelo, ed. Angola: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991.

Acknowledgments
Preface

History
PRECOLONIAL ANGOLA AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE
Kongo Kingdom
Ndongo Kingdom
The Defeat of Kongo and Ndongo
Matamba and Kasanje Kingdoms
Lunda and Chokwe Kingdoms
Ovimbundu and Kwanhama Kingdoms
The Dutch Interregnum, 1641-48
ANGOLA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Slave Trading in the 1700s

Portuguese Settlers in Angola
THE 1800s: TURMOIL, REFORM AND EXPANSION
The Early Nineteenth Century

Abolition of the Slave Trade
Expansion and the Berlin Conference
SETTLEMENT, CONQUEST, AND DEVELOPMENT
The Demographic Situation

Military Campaigns
Administration and Development
ANGOLA UNDER THE SALAZAR REGIME
Angola under the New State

Salazar's Racial Politics
RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
Roots of Discontent
African Associations
The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola
Organizational Weaknesses
Beginning of Revolution
ANGOLAN INSURGENCY
Ascendancy of the MPLA
Emergence of UNITA
Liberation Movements in Cabinda
Portuguese Economic Interests and Resistance to Angolan Independence
The Portuguese Coup d'Etat and the End of the Colonial Era
COALITION, THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT, AND CIVIL WAR
Foreign Intervention
Collapse of the Transitional Government
South African Intervention
INDEPENDENCE AND THE RISE OF THE MPLA GOVERNMENT
Transformation into a Marxist-Leninist Party and Internal Dissent
Shaba Invasion and the Nitista Plot
Strengthening Ties with the Soviet Union and Its Allies
Economic Problems and the Implementation of Socialist Policies
The UNITA Insurgency and the South African Threat
The Final Days of the Neto Regime
THE DOS SANTOS REGIME
Steps Toward a Stronger Party and Political Discord
The Namibia Issue and Security Threats in the 1980s
Second Party Congress

The Society and Its Environment
GEOGRAPHY
Terrain
Drainage
Climate
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
The Definition of Ethnicity
Ethnolinguistic Categories
Ovimbundu
Mbundu
Bakongo
Lunda-Chokwe
Nganguela
Ovambo, Nyaneka-Humbe, Herero, and Others
Hunters, Gatherers, Herders, and Others
Mesticos
STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
Social Structure in Rural Communities
Ovimbundu Social Structure
Mbundu Social Structure
Social Structure in Urban Areas
Effects of Socialist Policies
Policies Affecting Rural Society
Policies Affecting Urban Society
Role of Women and Children
Effects of the Insurgency
RELIGIOUS LIFE
Christianity
Indigenous Religious Systems
EDUCATION
Conditions Before Independence

Conditions after Independence
Education in UNITA-Claimed Territory
HEALTH AND WELFARE

The Economy
BACKGROUND TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
FOREIGN TRADE AND ASSISTANCE
LABOR FORCE
Diamonds
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY

Government and Politics
BACKGROUND
STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
The Constitution

Executive Branch
The President

Council of Ministers
Defense and Security Council

Legislative Branch
Judicial System
Local Administration
POPULAR MOVEMENT FOR THE LIBERATION OF ANGOLA-WORKERS' PARTY
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
MASS ORGANIZATIONS AND INTEREST GROUPS
Mass Organizations

Interest Groups
Peasant Farmers
Traditional Elites
Religious Communities

POLITICAL OPPOSITION
MASS MEDIA
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Policy Making

Regional Politics
Regional Accord
Relations with Other African States
Communist Nations
United States and Western Europe

Bibliography

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