Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Egypt: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1990.

INTRODUCTION

Historical Setting
ANCIENT EGYPT
The Predynastic Period and the First and Second Dynasties, 6000-2686 B.C.
The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C.
Pyramids in the Old and Middle Kingdoms
The New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, 1552-664 B.C.
Art and Architecture in the New Kingdom
The Cult of the Sun God and Akhenaten's Monotheism
The Late Period, 664-323 B.C.
PTOLEMAIC, ROMAN, AND BYZANTINE EGYPT, 332 B.C.-A.D. 642
The Alexandrian Conquest
The Ptolemaic Period
Egypt under Rome and Byzantium, 30 B.C.-A.D. 640
MEDIEVAL EGYPT
The Arab Conquest, 639-41
The Tulinids, Ikhshidids, Fatimids, and Ayyubids, 868- 1260
The Mamluks, 1250-1517
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
MODERN EGYPT
The Neo-Mamluk Beylicate, 1760-98
The French Invasion and Occupation, 1798-1801
Muhammad Ali, 1805-48
Abbas Hilmi I, 1848-54 and Said, 1854-63
Social Change in the Nineteenth Century
ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
Khedive Ismail, 1863-79
From Intervention to Occupation, 1876-82
FROM OCCUPATION TO NOMINAL INDEPENDENCE: 1882-1923
The Occupiers
Economy and Society under Occupation
Egypt under the Protectorate and the 1919 Revolution
THE ERA OF LIBERAL CONSTITUTIONALISM AND PARTY POLITICS
The Rise and Decline of the Wafd, 1924-39
Egypt During the War, 1939-45
On the Threshold of Revolution, 1945-52
The Revolution and the Early Years of the New Government: 1952-56
Egypt and the Arab World
Nasser and Arab Socialism
Egypt, the Arabs, and Israel
The June 1967 War
THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR
Internal Relations
External Relations
Nasser's Legacy
Anwar as Sadat, 1970-73
October 1973 War
Political Developments, 1971-78
Egypt's New Direction
Peace with Israel
The Aftermath of Camp David and the Assassination of Sadat
HUSNI MUBARAK

GEOGRAPHY
Natural Regions
Nile Valley and Delta
Western Desert
Eastern Desert
Sinai Peninsula
Climate

SOCIETY
POPULATION
Population Control Policies
Major Cities
Emigration
Minorities
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Urban Society
Rural Society
FAMILY AND KINSHIP
Importance of Kinship
Attitudes Toward Women
Changing Status of Women
RELIGION
Islam
Contemporary Islam
Islamic Political Movements
Coptic Church
EDUCATION
HEALTH AND WELFARE

The Economy
STRUCTURE, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Mubarak
Development Planning
Pricing and Subsidy
Public Finance
Banking, Credit, and Inflation
LABOR
Employment
Wages
AGRICULTURE
The Food Gap
Land Ownership and Reform
Land Reclamation and Loss
Pricing Policy
Cropping Patterns, Production, and Yield
Technology
ENERGY, MINING, AND MANUFACTURING
Energy
Mining
Manufacturing
FOREIGN TRADE
Exports
Imports
Trade Partners
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND MAIN SOURCES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Oil
Suez Canal
Remittances
Tourism
Foreign Investment
Loans
DEBT AND RESTRUCTURING

Government and Politics
THE DOMINANT EXECUTIVE AND THE POWER ELITE
The Presidency
The President and the Power Elite
The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers
Recruitment and Composition of the Elite
Elite Ideology
Politics among Elites
The Bureaucracy
Local Government
THE REGIME AND ITS CONSTITUENCY
Parliament
The Judiciary, Civil Rights, and the Rule of Law
The Political Role of the Media
Interest Groups
CONTROLLING THE MASS POLITICAL ARENA
The "Dominant Party System"
The Ruling Party
The Opposition Parties
Elections
The Rise of Political Islam and Repression
FOREIGN POLICY
The Determinants of Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy Decision Making
The Development of Foreign Policy
MILITARY HISTORY
The Egyptian Military in World War II
First Arab-Israeli War
The 1956 War
The June 1967 War
War of Attrition and the October 1973 War

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