Chile

Rex A. Hudson, ed. Chile: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1994.

Acknowledgments
Preface

Historical Setting
PRECOLUMBIAN CIVILIZATIONS
CONQUEST AND COLONIZATION, 1535-1810
Politics and War in a Frontier Society

The Colonial Economy
Bourbon Reforms, 1759-96
WARS OF INDEPENDENCE, 1810-18
CIVIL WARS, 1818-30
ARISTOCRATIC REPUBLICANISM, 1830-91
The Conservative Era, 1830-61
The Portalian State, 1830-37
Two Conservative Presidencies, 1841-61
The Liberal Era, 1861-91
War of the Pacific, 1879-83
Downfall of a President, 1886-91
PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLIC, 1891-1925
Urbanization
Arturo Alessandri's Reformist Presidency, 1920-25
MILITARY INTERVENTIONS, 1925-32
The 1925 Constitution

Carlos Ibáñez's First Presidency, 1927-31
MASS DEMOCRACY, 1932-73
Alessandri's Second Presidency, 1932-38
Popular Front Rule, 1938-41
Juan Antonio Ríos's Presidency, 1942-46
Gabriel González Videla's Presidency, 1946-52
Ibáñez's Second Presidency, 1952-58
Jorge Alessandri's Rightist Term, 1958-64
Eduardo Frei's Christian Democracy, 1964-70
Salvador Allende's Leftist Regime, 1970-73
MILITARY RULE, 1973-90
Neoliberal Economics
The 1980 Constitution
The Crisis of 1982 and the Erosion of Military Rule

The Society and Its Environment
GEOGRAPHY
Natural Regions
POPULATION
Demographic Profile
Urban Areas
Rural Areas
THE LABOR FORCE AND INCOME LEVELS
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS
WELFARE INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS
Social Security
Health Programs
Housing Policies
EDUCATION
Enrollments

Primary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
RELIGION AND CHURCHES
Religious Affiliations and Church Organization

Religion in Historical Perspective
Forms of Popular Religiosity
ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY AND GENDER
Divorce, Abortion, and Contraception

Family Structure and Attitudes Toward Gender Roles

The Economy
EVOLUTION OF THE ECONOMY
The Colonial Era to 1950

Economic Policies, 1950-70
The Popular Unity Government, 1970-73
Economic Crisis and the Military Coup
The Military Government's Free-Market Reforms, 1973-90
Trade Policy
Banking Reform and the Financial Sector
Rural Land Market Reform
Labor-Market Reform
Public Employment Programs
The Debt Crisis: Further Reforms and Recovery
The Return to Democracy, 1990
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
Industry and Manufacturing
Mining
Agriculture
Fishing and Forestry
Energy
Banking and Financial Services
Tourism
Construction
INCOME, LABOR UNIONS, AND THE PENSIONS SYSTEM
Employment and Unemployment
Income Distribution and Social Programs
Unions and Labor Conflicts
Economic Results of the Pensions Privatization
The Central Bank and Monetary Policy

Government and Politics
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830-1973

Imposition of Authoritarian Rule
The Constitution of 1980
Authoritarianism Defeated by Its Own Rules
The Constitutional Reforms of 1989
STATE AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
The State and the System of Government

The Presidency
The Legislative Branch
The Courts
The Autonomous Powers
The Comptroller General

The Constitutional Tribunal
The Central Bank of Chile
The Electoral Certification Tribunal
The Armed Forces
Regional and Local Government
PARTIES AND THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM
The Party System

The Electoral System
The Parties of the Left
The Parties of the Center
The Parties of the Right
The 1993 Presidential Election
THE CHURCH, BUSINESS, LABOR, AND THE MEDIA
The Church

Business
Labor
The Media
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Relations with the United States
General Relations

Bibliography

Cities in Chile: Santiago, Vina Del Mar

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